How to interpret Biostatistical data

Interpreting biostatistical data involves understanding the statistical analyses used to summarize and analyze the data collected in biological, medical, or health studies. This process begins with identifying the key variables of interest, such as treatment effects, risk factors, or health outcomes, and understanding the types of data (e.g., continuous, categorical) they represent. When reviewing statistical results, it’s crucial to consider the measures of central tendency (mean, median) and dispersion (standard deviation, interquartile range) to grasp the data’s distribution. Significance tests, such as t-tests or chi-square tests, indicate whether observed differences or associations are likely due to chance, with p-values less than often considered statistically significant. However, it’s essential to also consider effect sizes and confidence intervals to understand the magnitude and precision of these effects. Additionally, interpreting complex analyses like regression models requires understanding the relationship between dependent and independent variables, adjusting for potential confounders. Ultimately, interpreting biostatistical data accurately requires a careful examination of the methodology, analysis techniques, and context within which the study was conducted, ensuring that conclusions drawn are valid and applicable to the research question or population of interest. Problems: In a cohort study where the investigators looked at the association between smoking and throat cancer for 20 years found the relative risk of 14. How can this data best be interpreted? A) 14% of the throat cancers are due to smoking B) Smokers had 14% increased risk of throat cancer compared to non-smokers С) Smokers had 14 times the risk of throat cancer compared to non-smokers * D) Smokers had 86% increased risk of throat cancer compared to non-smoker Study that looked at mortality after Dronedarone Therapy for Severe Heart Failure. Given the data below, what is the absolute risk of cardiovascular death with the Dronedarone group in severe heart failure patients? A) B) * C) D)